Country profile
Romania
A growing EU manufacturing base for vehicles, auto parts and electrical equipment, with lower labour costs than Western Europe.
Updated 11 November 2026. Sources at the bottom of the page.
- Capital
- Bucharest
- Population
- 19.0 million (2026)
- Currency
- Romanian leu (RON)
- GDP, 2026
- US$470 billion
- Exports, 2024
- US$100.4 billion
- Exchange rate
- 1 USD = 4.80 RON (11 Nov 2026)
Economy
IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026. 2026 and 2027 are IMF projections.
-0.5%Real GDP growth, 2026
2.2%Real GDP growth, 2027
8.2%Inflation, 2026
6.5%Unemployment, 2026
62.6% of GDPGovernment debt, 2026
-7% of GDPCurrent account, 2026
Compare Romania with other countries →
Trade
Top export markets
Share of the country’s exports, 2025
- Germany (20.5%)
- Italy (9.6%)
- France (6.3%)
- Hungary (5.3%)
- Bulgaria (4.4%)
Main exports
Product groups, share of exports
- Vehicles and parts (17.6%)
- Electrical machinery and equipment (17.4%)
- Machinery, including computers (9.9%)
- Mineral fuels (5.9%)
- Rubber and rubber articles (3.7%)
Main trade agreements
- EU single market
- EU agreements including CETA (Canada), EUโJapan, EUโKorea, EUโMexico and EUโVietnam
- EUโUK Trade and Cooperation Agreement
Trade policy to watch
- EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM): in its definitive phase since 1 January 2026 for imports into the EU of iron and steel, aluminium, cement, fertilisers, electricity and hydrogen.
- EU trade policy: no tariffs inside the EU; trade with non-EU countries is set at EU level.
- Public finances: Romania has one of the largest budget deficits in the EU and raised taxes in 2025 to reduce it.
Energy
Romania has a mixed energy supply: hydropower, nuclear (Cernavodฤ), gas, coal and wind. It produces much of its own natural gas, and the offshore Neptun Deep gas field is under development.
What it means for your supply chain
- Romania is a nearshore option inside the EU for auto parts, wiring harnesses and electrical components.
- Labour costs are lower than in Western Europe but rising, and skilled workers can be scarce.
- Importers of steel, aluminium and other CBAM goods into Romania need emissions data from their non-EU suppliers.
Romania in the Supplier Hub
3 companies in the Supplier Hub are listed under Romania.
Sources
- IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026: GDP, growth, inflation, unemployment, government debt, current account (2026 and 2027 are projections; updated automatically).
- IMF, World Economic Outlook database: population (2026 estimate).
- World’s Top Exports: export markets (2024 data) and main exports.
- European Central Bank, euro foreign exchange reference rates (cross rate via USD; updated daily).
- Energy Institute, Statistical Review of World Energy 2026: energy profile.
- European Commission, Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism.
Figures are the latest published at the time of the update and may since have been revised. This page is for general information, not investment or legal advice.