Country profile
Poland
The EU's largest nearshoring destination in Central Europe, exporting machinery, electrical equipment, vehicles, plastics and furniture.
Updated 11 November 2026. Sources at the bottom of the page.
- Capital
- Warsaw
- Population
- 36.3 million (2026)
- Currency
- Polish zลoty (PLN)
- GDP, 2026
- US$1.13 trillion
- Exports, 2025
- US$413.9 billion
- Exchange rate
- 1 USD = 3.93 PLN (10 Nov 2026)
Economy
IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026. 2026 and 2027 are IMF projections.
3.4%Real GDP growth, 2026
2.5%Real GDP growth, 2027
3.2%Inflation, 2026
3.2%Unemployment, 2026
66.6% of GDPGovernment debt, 2026
-1.9% of GDPCurrent account, 2026
Compare Poland with other countries →
Trade
Top export markets
Share of the country’s exports, 2025
- Germany (26.9%)
- Czechia (6.2%)
- France (6%)
- United Kingdom (5.1%)
- Netherlands (4.6%)
Main exports
Product groups, share of exports
- Machinery, including computers (13.7%)
- Electrical machinery and equipment, including batteries (11.3%)
- Vehicles and parts (10.4%)
- Plastics (4.6%)
- Furniture (4.5%)
Main trade agreements
- EU single market
- EU agreements including CETA (Canada), EUโJapan, EUโKorea, EUโMexico and EUโVietnam
- EUโUK Trade and Cooperation Agreement
Trade policy to watch
- EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM): in its definitive phase since 1 January 2026 for imports into the EU of iron and steel, aluminium, cement, fertilisers, electricity and hydrogen.
- EU trade policy: no tariffs inside the EU; trade with non-EU countries is set at EU level.
- Energy transition: Poland is replacing coal with wind, solar and, later, nuclear power; EU carbon prices keep power costs high.
Energy
Coal still produces the largest share of Poland's electricity, but its share is falling as wind and solar grow. Poland plans its first nuclear plant. Gas and oil are mostly imported.
What it means for your supply chain
- Poland is a large source of appliances, EV batteries, furniture, auto parts and metal products for EU buyers.
- Coal-heavy power can mean higher product carbon footprints; ask suppliers for emissions data.
- Importers of steel, aluminium and other CBAM goods into Poland need emissions data from their non-EU suppliers.
Poland in the Supplier Hub
4 companies in the Supplier Hub are listed under Poland.
Sources
- IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026: GDP, growth, inflation, unemployment, government debt, current account (2026 and 2027 are projections; updated automatically).
- IMF, World Economic Outlook database: population (2026 estimate).
- World’s Top Exports: export markets and main exports.
- Bank of Canada, daily exchange rates (cross rates calculated from CAD rates; updated daily).
- Energy Institute, Statistical Review of World Energy 2026: energy profile.
- European Commission, Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism.
Figures are the latest published at the time of the update and may since have been revised. This page is for general information, not investment or legal advice.