Country profile
France
An EU economy with strong aerospace, vehicle, machinery and pharmaceutical exports, powered mostly by nuclear electricity.
Updated 10 November 2026. Sources at the bottom of the page.
- Capital
- Paris
- Population
- 69.1 million (2026)
- Currency
- Euro (EUR)
- GDP, 2026
- US$3.55 trillion
- Exports, 2025
- US$668.3 billion
- Exchange rate
- 1 EUR = 1.12 USD (9 Nov 2026)
Economy
IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026. 2026 and 2027 are IMF projections.
0.4%Real GDP growth, 2026
0.7%Real GDP growth, 2027
2.4%Inflation, 2026
8.4%Unemployment, 2026
118.5% of GDPGovernment debt, 2026
-0.7% of GDPCurrent account, 2026
Trade
Top export markets
Share of the country’s exports, 2025
- Germany (13.5%)
- Italy (8%)
- United States (7.9%)
- Spain (7.6%)
- Belgium (7.5%)
Main exports
Product groups, share of exports
- Machinery, including computers (12.4%)
- Vehicles (8.6%)
- Electrical machinery and equipment (7.7%)
- Aircraft and spacecraft (7.1%)
- Pharmaceuticals (6.6%)
Main trade agreements
- EU single market
- EU agreements including CETA (Canada), EU–Japan, EU–Korea, EU–Mexico and EU–Vietnam
- EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement
Trade policy to watch
- EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM): in its definitive phase since 1 January 2026 for imports into the EU of iron and steel, aluminium, cement, fertilisers, electricity and hydrogen.
- EU trade policy: no tariffs inside the EU; trade with non-EU countries is set at EU level.
- Public finances: government debt is about 118% of GDP, and budget debates may change taxes and subsidies.
Energy
Nuclear power produces about two-thirds of France's electricity, which makes it one of the lowest-carbon grids in Europe. France imports almost all of its oil and gas.
What it means for your supply chain
- Importers of steel, aluminium and other CBAM goods into France need emissions data from their non-EU suppliers.
- France is a key source for aerospace parts, and many aerospace suppliers have long qualification cycles.
- Low-carbon electricity can help suppliers report lower product emissions.
Sources
- IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026: GDP, growth, inflation, unemployment, government debt, current account (2026 and 2027 are projections).
- IMF, World Economic Outlook database: population (2026 estimate).
- World’s Top Exports, 2025: export markets and main exports.
- Bank of Canada, daily exchange rates, 9 November 2026 (cross rates calculated from CAD rates).
- Energy Institute, Statistical Review of World Energy 2026: energy profile.
- European Commission, Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism.
Figures are the latest published at the time of the update and may since have been revised. This page is for general information, not investment or legal advice.