Country profile
Bulgaria
A lower-cost EU manufacturing location for electrical equipment, copper and machinery; it adopted the euro in 2026.
Updated 11 November 2026. Sources at the bottom of the page.
- Capital
- Sofia
- Population
- 6.37 million (2026)
- Currency
- Euro (EUR)
- GDP, 2026
- US$147 billion
- Exports, 2025
- US$47.9 billion
- Exchange rate
- 1 EUR = 1.12 USD (10 Nov 2026)
Economy
IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026. 2026 and 2027 are IMF projections.
2.6%Real GDP growth, 2026
2.7%Real GDP growth, 2027
4.9%Inflation, 2026
3.4%Unemployment, 2026
32.9% of GDPGovernment debt, 2026
-8% of GDPCurrent account, 2026
Compare Bulgaria with other countries →
Trade
Top export markets
Share of the country’s exports, 2025
- Germany (14.3%)
- Romania (10.9%)
- Turkey (7.1%)
- Italy (6.5%)
- Greece (5.9%)
Main exports
Product groups, share of exports
- Electrical machinery and equipment (11%)
- Copper (9.3%)
- Machinery, including computers (7.6%)
- Mineral fuels (7.3%)
- Goods not specified by kind (6%)
Main trade agreements
- EU single market
- EU agreements including CETA (Canada), EU–Japan, EU–Korea, EU–Mexico and EU–Vietnam
- EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement
Trade policy to watch
- EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM): in its definitive phase since 1 January 2026 for imports into the EU of iron and steel, aluminium, cement, fertilisers, electricity and hydrogen.
- EU trade policy: no tariffs inside the EU; trade with non-EU countries is set at EU level.
- Euro: Bulgaria adopted the euro on 1 January 2026, removing currency risk for euro-zone buyers.
Energy
The Kozloduy nuclear plant produces about a third of Bulgaria's electricity; coal is declining and solar is growing fast. Gas and oil are mostly imported.
What it means for your supply chain
- Bulgaria is a source of copper products, electrical components and auto parts at lower labour costs.
- Bulgaria is a land bridge between the EU and Turkey for road freight.
- Importers of steel, aluminium and other CBAM goods into Bulgaria need emissions data from their non-EU suppliers.
Bulgaria in the Supplier Hub
1 company in the Supplier Hub is listed under Bulgaria.
Sources
- IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026: GDP, growth, inflation, unemployment, government debt, current account (2026 and 2027 are projections; updated automatically).
- IMF, World Economic Outlook database: population (2026 estimate).
- Trading Economics, based on UN Comtrade data: export markets and main exports; shares calculated from the listed values.
- Bank of Canada, daily exchange rates (cross rates calculated from CAD rates; updated daily).
- Energy Institute, Statistical Review of World Energy 2026: energy profile.
- European Commission, Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism.
Figures are the latest published at the time of the update and may since have been revised. This page is for general information, not investment or legal advice.