Country profile
Germany
Europe's largest economy and an exporter of vehicles, machinery and electrical equipment, inside the EU single market.
Updated 10 November 2026. Sources at the bottom of the page.
- Capital
- Berlin
- Population
- 83.5 million (2025)
- Currency
- Euro (EUR)
- GDP, 2026
- US$5.47 trillion
- Exports, 2025
- US$1.77 trillion
- Exchange rate
- 1 EUR = 1.12 USD (9 Nov 2026)
Economy
IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026. 2026 and 2027 are IMF projections.
1.3%Real GDP growth, 2026
1.1%Real GDP growth, 2027
2.7%Inflation, 2026
4%Unemployment, 2026
64.6% of GDPGovernment debt, 2026
4.5% of GDPCurrent account, 2026
Trade
Top export markets
Share of the country’s exports, 2025
- United States (9.3%)
- France (7.5%)
- Netherlands (7.2%)
- Poland (6.4%)
- Italy (5.3%)
Main exports
Product groups, share of exports
- Vehicles (16.3%)
- Machinery, including computers (16.1%)
- Electrical machinery and equipment (11.1%)
- Pharmaceuticals (7.4%)
- Optical, technical and medical apparatus (5.3%)
Main trade agreements
- EU single market
- EU agreements including CETA (Canada), EU–Japan, EU–Korea, EU–Mexico and EU–Vietnam
- EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement
Trade policy to watch
- EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM): in its definitive phase since 1 January 2026 for imports into the EU of iron and steel, aluminium, cement, fertilisers, electricity and hydrogen.
- EU trade policy: no tariffs inside the EU; trade with non-EU countries is set at EU level.
- Gas supply: since 2022, Germany has replaced Russian pipeline gas with gas from Norway and other European countries and with LNG.
Energy
Oil and natural gas are Germany's largest energy sources, and most fossil fuels are imported. Renewables produce more than half of Germany's electricity. Germany closed its last nuclear plants in 2023.
What it means for your supply chain
- Importers of steel, aluminium and other CBAM goods into Germany need emissions data from their non-EU suppliers.
- Energy costs remain a factor for energy-intensive German producers such as chemicals and metals.
- Exports are spread across many markets; the US is the largest at about 9%.
Sources
- IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026: GDP, growth, inflation, unemployment, government debt, current account (2026 and 2027 are projections).
- IMF, World Economic Outlook database: population (2025).
- World’s Top Exports, 2025: export markets and main exports.
- Bank of Canada, daily exchange rates, 9 November 2026 (cross rates calculated from CAD rates).
- Energy Institute, Statistical Review of World Energy 2026: energy profile.
- European Commission, Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism.
Figures are the latest published at the time of the update and may since have been revised. This page is for general information, not investment or legal advice.