Country profile
Peru
A mining country, among the world's top producers of copper, zinc and silver, and a fast-growing exporter of fresh produce.
Updated 11 November 2026. Sources at the bottom of the page.
- Capital
- Lima
- Population
- 34.8 million (2026)
- Currency
- Peruvian sol (PEN)
- GDP, 2026
- US$400 billion
- Exports, 2024
- US$74.1 billion
- Exchange rate
- 1 USD = 3.41 PEN (10 Nov 2026)
Economy
IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026. 2026 and 2027 are IMF projections.
3%Real GDP growth, 2026
2.9%Real GDP growth, 2027
3.8%Inflation, 2026
5%Unemployment, 2026
28.6% of GDPGovernment debt, 2026
4% of GDPCurrent account, 2026
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Trade
Top export markets
Share of the country’s exports, 2025
- China (33.5%)
- United States (12.9%)
- India (6.3%)
- Canada (5.2%)
- Japan (4.6%)
Main exports
Product groups, share of exports
- Ores and concentrates, mainly copper and zinc (39.1%)
- Gold and precious metals (18%)
- Fruits, including avocados, grapes and blueberries (8.7%)
- Mineral fuels (5.7%)
- Refined copper (4.9%)
Main trade agreements
- US–Peru Trade Promotion Agreement
- China–Peru Free Trade Agreement
- EU–Colombia, Peru and Ecuador Trade Agreement
- Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP)
- Pacific Alliance (with Chile, Colombia and Mexico)
Trade policy to watch
- Chancay port: a new deep-water port north of Lima, opened in 2024 and majority-owned by China’s COSCO, offers direct shipping to Asia.
- Mining: community protests and permitting delays can stop mines and transport routes.
- Politics: frequent changes of government add policy uncertainty.
Energy
Natural gas from the Camisea field and hydropower produce most of Peru's electricity. Peru imports part of its oil.
What it means for your supply chain
- Peru is a critical source of copper, zinc and silver concentrates.
- Mining disruptions from protests can affect concentrate supply at short notice.
- Peru is a year-round source of fresh fruit for North America and Europe.
Sources
- IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026: GDP, growth, inflation, unemployment, government debt, current account (2026 and 2027 are projections; updated automatically).
- IMF, World Economic Outlook database: population (2026 estimate).
- Trading Economics, based on UN Comtrade data: export markets (2024 data) and main exports (2024 data); shares calculated from the listed values.
- Bank of Canada, daily exchange rates (cross rates calculated from CAD rates; updated daily).
- Energy Institute, Statistical Review of World Energy 2026: energy profile.
Figures are the latest published at the time of the update and may since have been revised. This page is for general information, not investment or legal advice.