Country profile
Kazakhstan
Central Asia's largest economy and the world's largest uranium producer, also exporting oil, ferroalloys and copper.
Updated 11 November 2026. Sources at the bottom of the page.
- Capital
- Astana
- Population
- 20.6 million (2026)
- Currency
- Kazakh tenge (KZT)
- GDP, 2026
- US$398 billion
- Exports, 2024
- US$81.6 billion
- Exchange rate
- 1 USD = 447.3 KZT (11 Nov 2026)
Economy
IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026. 2026 and 2027 are IMF projections.
4.4%Real GDP growth, 2026
4.9%Real GDP growth, 2027
10.3%Inflation, 2026
4.6%Unemployment, 2026
23.8% of GDPGovernment debt, 2026
0.5% of GDPCurrent account, 2026
Compare Kazakhstan with other countries →
Trade
Top export markets
Share of the country’s exports, 2025
- Italy (22.9%)
- China (18.3%)
- Russia (11.7%)
- Netherlands (6.5%)
- France (4.5%)
Main exports
Product groups, share of exports
- Mineral fuels, mainly crude oil (56.7%)
- Inorganic chemicals, including uranium compounds (6.7%)
- Ores and concentrates (6%)
- Iron and steel, including ferroalloys (5.4%)
- Copper (5.2%)
Main trade agreements
- Eurasian Economic Union (with Russia, Belarus, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan)
- CIS Free Trade Area
- EU–Kazakhstan Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement
Trade policy to watch
- Oil exports: most crude oil leaves through the CPC pipeline across Russia to the Black Sea, which can be disrupted.
- Sanctions screening: EU, UK and US authorities watch for goods re-exported from Kazakhstan to Russia.
- Middle Corridor: rail and Caspian Sea routes to Europe that avoid Russia are being expanded.
Energy
Coal produces about two-thirds of Kazakhstan's electricity. Kazakhstan is a major oil producer and the world's largest uranium producer.
What it means for your supply chain
- Kazakhstan is a key source of uranium, ferrochrome, titanium and copper.
- Screen buyers and routes carefully for Russia-related sanctions.
- Transit routes are long; plan for rail and border delays.
Sources
- IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026: GDP, growth, inflation, unemployment, government debt, current account (2026 and 2027 are projections; updated automatically).
- IMF, World Economic Outlook database: population (2026 estimate).
- Trading Economics, based on UN Comtrade data: export markets (2024 data) and main exports (2024 data); shares calculated from the listed values.
- Rates by Exchange Rate API (open access rates; updated daily).
- Energy Institute, Statistical Review of World Energy 2026: energy profile.
Figures are the latest published at the time of the update and may since have been revised. This page is for general information, not investment or legal advice.