Country profile
India
The fastest-growing large economy, exporting refined fuels, electronics, machinery, gems and pharmaceuticals.
Updated 10 November 2026. Sources at the bottom of the page.
- Capital
- New Delhi
- Population
- 1.48 billion (2026)
- Currency
- Indian rupee (INR)
- GDP, 2026
- US$4.06 trillion
- Exports, 2025
- US$446.4 billion
- Exchange rate
- 1 USD = 93.9 INR (9 Nov 2026)
Economy
IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026. 2026 and 2027 are IMF projections.
7%Real GDP growth, 2026
7%Real GDP growth, 2027
5%Inflation, 2026
5%Unemployment, 2026
83.1% of GDPGovernment debt, 2026
-1.5% of GDPCurrent account, 2026
Trade
Top export markets
Share of the country’s exports, 2025
- United States (20.8%)
- United Arab Emirates (8.7%)
- Netherlands (4.3%)
- China (4.1%)
- United Kingdom (3.1%)
Main exports
Product groups, share of exports
- Mineral fuels, including refined oil (13.3%)
- Electrical machinery and equipment (12%)
- Machinery, including computers (8.1%)
- Gems and precious metals (6.7%)
- Pharmaceuticals (5.8%)
Main trade agreements
- India–UAE Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement
- India–Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement
- India–EFTA Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement
- ASEAN–India Trade in Goods Agreement
- India–Japan and India–Korea comprehensive economic partnership agreements
Trade policy to watch
- Quality Control Orders (QCOs): many products, including steel, chemicals and electrical goods, need Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) certification before they can be sold in India.
- Production Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes: government incentives for local manufacturing in electronics, pharmaceuticals, auto components, solar modules and other sectors.
- Rupee: the rupee has weakened against the US dollar, which affects import costs and export prices.
Energy
Coal is India's largest energy source and produces most of its electricity. India imports most of its crude oil and much of its natural gas. Solar and wind capacity are growing fast.
What it means for your supply chain
- Check BIS certification early when importing into India; missing certificates can hold up shipments.
- The US is India’s largest export market at about 21%, so US trade policy matters for Indian exporters.
- India is a growing alternative or second source for electronics, pharmaceuticals and engineered parts.
Sources
- IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026: GDP, growth, inflation, unemployment, government debt, current account (2026 and 2027 are projections).
- IMF, World Economic Outlook database: population (2026 estimate).
- World’s Top Exports, 2025: export markets and main exports.
- Bank of Canada, daily exchange rates, 9 November 2026 (cross rates calculated from CAD rates).
- Energy Institute, Statistical Review of World Energy 2026: energy profile.
- Bureau of Indian Standards, Quality Control Orders.
Figures are the latest published at the time of the update and may since have been revised. This page is for general information, not investment or legal advice.