Country profile
Canada
An energy and resource exporter that sends about 72% of its exports to the United States, which makes US trade policy its main supply chain variable.
Updated 10 November 2026. Sources at the bottom of the page.
- Capital
- Ottawa
- Population
- 41.6 million (2025)
- Currency
- Canadian dollar (CAD)
- GDP, 2026
- US$2.49 trillion
- Exports, 2025
- US$556.6 billion
- Exchange rate
- 1 USD = 1.41 CAD; 1 CAD = 0.71 USD (9 Nov 2026)
Economy
IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026. 2026 and 2027 are IMF projections.
1.1%Real GDP growth, 2026
1.7%Real GDP growth, 2027
2.8%Inflation, 2026
6.5%Unemployment, 2026
115.6% of GDPGovernment debt, 2026
Trade
Top export markets
Share of the country’s exports, 2025
- United States (72.5%)
- United Kingdom (6.0%)
- China (4.4%)
- Japan (1.9%)
- Netherlands (1.2%)
Main exports
Product groups, share of exports
- Mineral fuels, including oil (24.6%)
- Vehicles (9.5%)
- Gems and precious metals (8.0%)
- Machinery, including computers (7.5%)
- Electrical machinery and equipment (3.1%)
Main trade agreements
- CUSMA/USMCA (United States, Mexico)
- CETA (European Union)
- CPTPP (Pacific Rim countries and the UK)
- Canada–UK Trade Continuity Agreement
- Canada–Korea Free Trade Agreement
Trade policy to watch
- CUSMA/USMCA: in force until 2036, and reviewed every year since the US declined to extend it in July 2026.
- US metals tariffs: US Section 232 tariffs on steel, aluminum and copper (50% and 25%) apply to Canadian products.
- Other markets: CETA, the CPTPP and the UK agreement give Canadian suppliers access beyond North America.
Energy
Canada is a net energy exporter. Oil and natural gas are its main energy sources, and hydropower produces more than half of its electricity. Most of its oil and gas exports go to the United States.
What it means for your supply chain
- Canadian suppliers of metals and metal products face US tariffs on cross-border shipments; check whether your supply crosses the US border.
- With one market taking about 72% of exports, a change in US policy can affect many Canadian suppliers at the same time.
- Oil and gas make up about a quarter of exports, so energy prices affect the Canadian dollar and supplier costs.
Sources
- IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026: GDP, growth, inflation, unemployment, government debt, current account (2026 and 2027 are projections).
- IMF, World Economic Outlook database: population (2025).
- World’s Top Exports, 2025: export markets and main exports.
- Bank of Canada, daily exchange rates, 9 November 2026 (cross rates calculated from CAD rates).
- Energy Institute, Statistical Review of World Energy 2026: energy profile.
- White & Case, United States modifies steel, aluminum and copper Section 232 tariffs (April 2026).
- White & Case, USMCA 2026 Joint Review (July 2026).
Figures are the latest published at the time of the update and may since have been revised. This page is for general information, not investment or legal advice.